Question 1

How long do I have to refer a case to the CCMA?

Accepted Answer

For unfair dismissal, you have 30 days from the date of dismissal. For unfair labour practices, you have 90 days. For discrimination cases, you have 6 months. If you miss the deadline, you can apply for condonation but it's not guaranteed.

Question 2

Does it cost money to go to the CCMA?

Accepted Answer

No. The CCMA is completely free. You don't need a lawyer either — you can represent yourself. However, at arbitration stage, you may choose to bring a representative (union official, colleague, or lawyer at your own cost).

Question 3

What is the difference between conciliation and arbitration?

Accepted Answer

Conciliation is the first step — a commissioner tries to help you and your employer reach an agreement. If that fails, the case goes to arbitration where the commissioner makes a binding decision (like a judge). Conciliation is informal; arbitration is more formal.

Question 4

Can I still go to the CCMA if I resigned?

Accepted Answer

Yes, if you were forced to resign (constructive dismissal). You must prove that your employer made your working conditions so unbearable that you had no choice but to resign. This is harder to prove than unfair dismissal.

Question 5

How long does the CCMA process take?

Accepted Answer

Conciliation must happen within 30 days of referral. If it fails, arbitration must be requested within 90 days. The arbitration hearing is usually scheduled within 30-60 days after that. Total process: roughly 3-6 months from start to final award.

Question 6

What compensation can the CCMA award?

Accepted Answer

For unfair dismissal, the CCMA can order reinstatement (your job back) or compensation of up to 12 months' salary. For automatically unfair dismissals (discrimination, pregnancy, union activity), compensation can be up to 24 months' salary.

CCMA Deadline Tracker

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Related Guides

How the CCMA Process Works Step by Step

Unfair Dismissal: Do You Have a Case?

What to Expect at CCMA Conciliation

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